Morocco and China: economic diplomacy in the service of sovereignty over the Sahara

Since the Kingdom began managing its international relations based on a logic of balanced partnership and mutual interests, it has strengthened its position as an emerging player in the global geopolitical equation.

In this context, the partnership between Morocco and China stands out as one of the main expressions of this orientation, especially in the context of Morocco's accession to the Belt and Road Initiative launched by Beijing, which seeks to redraw the map of global economic influence on new foundations.

Morocco has managed to consolidate itself as a reliable investment and trade platform in Africa and the Mediterranean, making it a strategic partner for China in the region, not only because of its privileged geographical location, but also because of its stable political climate and developed infrastructure. Relations between the two countries have developed significantly in various areas, from industry and renewable energy to infrastructure and health, strengthening mutual trust and opening up new prospects for bilateral cooperation.

In light of this growing rapprochement, there are multiple indicators that anticipate a possible change in China's position on the Moroccan Sahara issue, moving towards support for the autonomy initiative and recognition of Morocco's sovereignty over its Sahara. This is particularly true if we recall recent history: the entire world, including the Chinese people, witnessed the historic speech of the late King Hassan II during a session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1960, in which he advocated granting the People's Republic of China its seat in this organisation. Today, both China and the rest of the world recognise that it was thanks to the efforts of Morocco and other friendly countries that, on 25 October 1971, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758, which recognised the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate representative of China, including the Taiwan region.

Morocco has always upheld its respect for the principle of the unity of States, a principle that is also at the heart of Chinese foreign policy, especially on sensitive issues such as Hong Kong and Taiwan. From this perspective, Morocco, which consistently supports China's territorial integrity in international forums, is building a track record consistent with Beijing's vision and consolidating the legitimacy of its cause among its partners.

We must also take into account the messages sent during the meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Moulay El Hassan in Casablanca in November 2024, messages that confirm China's support for Morocco's efforts to preserve its security, stability and sovereignty.

Yes, ladies and gentlemen, if this dynamic continues on its upward trajectory, Chinese recognition of the Moroccan character of the Sahara is now a matter of days, especially with the explicit backing of the United States, France, Spain and the United Kingdom for the autonomy initiative, as well as other relevant regional and international powers, as a serious and realistic solution.

China, which is committed to stability and development in its international partnerships, knows that Morocco is the true guarantor of development and calm in the region, as opposed to other actors who opt for adventure and uncertainty.

In conclusion, Morocco's commitment to the economy as a tool for political positioning is no longer just an option, but has become a mature strategy that does not allow the red lines of national sovereignty to be crossed. This strategy is already bearing fruit and reinforcing the momentum of international recognition of the Moroccan character of the Sahara, not through blackmail or pressure, but through partnership, credibility and mutual respect.

Lahoucine Bekkar Sbaai, lawyer at the Bar Association before the Courts of Appeal of Agadir and Laayoune, researcher on migration and human rights and expert on the Moroccan Sahara conflict.

Translation from Arabic by: Abdessamad Benyaich